Margesin R, Jud M, Tscherko D, Schinner F. Microbial communities and activities in alpine and subalpine soils. 2010;42:1385–95. At depths of 0–10 cm, the SOC contents of the soil of different tree species was in the order of C. coggygria Scop. Google Scholar. The highest content of soil MBP was in the bottom slope of C. coggygria Scop (19.0 mg/kg), and the lowest was in the shady top slope of Q. variabilis (16.5 mg/kg). Soil properties, e.g., organic C and clay content were the predominant influence on microbial functional diversity in particular at the end of the 12th month (61.8 … soil was highest in the sunny bottom slope, and there was no significant difference in the C:N ratio between the sunny bottom slope and the other slope positions. Aerts R, Chapin FS III. Soil classification and codes of China in 2019 GBT 17296–2009. Soil Biol Biochem. Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. McGroddy ME, Daufresne T, Hedin LO. (2) Forest soil microbes display homeostasis. soil were highest in the sunny bottom slope, making them significantly different from those of the other slope positions. 2013;8:e57127. The chief factors that influence microbial population are. The change in plant species is a main factor affecting the soil C:N ratio. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Nature of soil and 11. There was a significant difference in the soil TN contents between different slope positions for the shady slope of L. principis-ruprechtii and the sunny slope of C. coggygria Scop. Only by a statistical analysis of a large set of sample data covering different climate zones and land uses across the world is it possible to reveal the impact mechanism of tree species and topography on the ecological stoichiometry of the soil and soil microbial biomass. Google Scholar. Soil aeration 6. 2). The relationship between the C, N, and P contents in soil and those in soil microbial biomass was expressed by the equation lgy = a+blgx, where a is the intercept and b is the slope. The total C and N in the soil were determined using a Vario Max C&N analyzer (Elemental Ltd., UK). Soil MBC, MBN and other content indicators, which are sensitive to environmental change, can be used as indicators of soil quality change [3]. Nature of Organic Materials: Organic materials having higher lignin content show a very slow rate of … Hall EK, Maixner F, Franklin O, Daims H, Richter A, Battin T. Linking microbial and ecosystem ecology using ecological stoichiometry: a synthesis of conceptual and empirical approaches. When the slope b is not significantly greater than 1, the relationship between the two variables is isometric [6]. Managing soil to sequester C can help mitigate increasing CO 2 in the atmosphere. Unlike soil, a stable environmental condition is absent in the litter. PubMed Central  As shown in Tables 2 and 3, the C:N ratio in Q. variabilis soil was highest on the sunny bottom slope, and the soil C:N ratio was significantly different between the sunny bottom slope and the other slope positions. Ideally, silt loam has 50 percent The model explains 98% of the variance in sequestered soil C, with microbial composition representing the strongest causal influence, followed by soil structure. The factors which affect the degree of compaction are given below. The C:N ratio in C. coggygria Scop. The soil organic C contents at depths of 0–10 cm with different slope aspects and at different slope positions also showed significant differences (P < 0.05). Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The soil microbial biomass N:P can be used as a tool to assess nutrient limitation [7, 8]. Zhu H, Wu J, Guo S, Huang D, Zhu Q, Ge T, Lei T. Land use and topographic position control soil organic C and N accumulation in eroded hilly watershed of the Loess Plateau. Scand J For Res. This article throws light upon the nine main factors affecting soil structure. In NZ many farms have seen there soils bulk densities increase over time decreasing soil productivity At a depth of 0–10 cm, the soil organic C contents in different stands followed the order of C. coggygria (27.7 ± 5.2 g/kg) > Q. variabilis (24.5 ± 4.9 g/kg) > L. principis-ruprechtii (20.8 ± 4.3 g/kg) (P < 0.05). Google Scholar. Patel K, Kumar NJI, Kumar NR, et al. Hartman WH, Richardson CJ. ; ns: not significant. Soil Biol Biochem. Effects of geographic factors and tree species on the soil C, N and P contents. Considering fungal: bacterial dominance in soils-Methods, controls, and ecosystem implications. The results of this study were consistent with those reported in the literature [47, 48]: Slope aspect and position impact only C:P and N:P and have no impact on C:N. Soil ecological stoichiometry also vary according to soil and other microtopography factors [13]. In addition to soil BD, many studies have implied that soil pH is one of the most important factors affecting soil fungal communities (Maestre et al., 2015; Hu et al., 2017). Correspondence to At 10–20 cm, there was no significant difference in the soil microbial biomass C contents of the three tree species (p > 0.05). Google Scholar. Cultural practices (Tillage): Cultural practices viz. Soil Biol Biochem. The N:P ratio of plant leaves has a very wide range [6]. and lowest in the sunny top slope of L. principis-ruprechtii. Biol Rev. Amount and Sources of Applied Nitrogen 6. Soil moisture is the major factor influencing microbial community structure and enzyme activities across seven biogeoclimatic zones in western Canada. One part of fresh soil was preserved at 4 °C and the contents of soil microbial biomass C, N and P were measured within 10 days. Distribution characteristics of soil MBC, MBN and MBP for different tree species. The contribution rate of topographic factors, including slope aspect and position, was only 36.2%. PubMed  By using this website, you agree to our Tischer A, Potthast K, Hamer U. Land-use and soil depth affect resource and microbial stoichiometry in a tropical mountain rainforest region of southern Ecuador. Soil PH (H-ion Concentration) 8. Tree species, as a potential factor, influences soil microbial ecological stoichiometric ratios. 2004;50:196–204. In the 1950s, large areas of Larix principis-ruprechtii, Pinus tabuliformis Carr., and other coniferous trees were planted on Funiu Mountain, China. Organic matter 9. However, there were no significant differences in microbial biomass P between the two soil depths, among the three tree species, or in their interactions. However, the N:P ratio of soil microbial biomass was limited, and its range was much narrower than that of plant leaves. MBC and MBN represent the concentration differences between the fumigated and unfumigated samples [35]. J Appl Ecol. 4, at 0–10 cm, the soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) contents of Q. variabilis, L. principis-ruprechtii and C. coggygria Scop. The highest MBC content was observed at the slope bottom (1002 ± 157 mg/kg), whereas the lowest was observed at the slope top (641 ± 98.3 mg/kg). (2) Forest soil microbes … As shown in Fig. BMC Ecol 20, 67 (2020). Xu X, Thornton PE, Post WM. (3) Nutrient limitations of the forest ecosystem in the study area can be assessed using the soil microbial biomass N:P. The study area, with an elevation of 780–1270 m, is located in the upper reaches of the Beiru River in Funiu Mountain, China. Tree species more significantly affected soil nutrients and microbial biomass C, N and P than did topographic factors. Devi NB, Yadava PS. CAS  For data with heterogeneous variance, logarithmic transformation was performed. A global analysis of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems. Baldrian P, Merhautová V, Petránková M, Cajthaml T, Šnajdr J. J Appl Ecol. 1985;17:837–42. Ružek L, Voríšek K, Strnadova S, Nováková M, Barabasz W. Microbial characteristics, carbon and nitrogen content in cambisols and luvisols. 2019;10:1–12. Eur J Soil Biol. Ecosystems. More information: Matthias C. Rillig et al. Seasonal dynamics in soil microbial biomass C, N and P in a mixed-oak forest ecosystem of Manipur, Northeast India. PubMed  Identifying drivers of microbial community structures in soils is challenging. Conceptualization, YT; methodology, YT; software, DQ; validation, DQ and S.J.X. Ecol Appl. [14] found that the effect of different tree species on soil organic C and N and soil MBC and MBN was greater than the effect of topographic factors (such as slope position) in the Loess Plateau, consistent with the results of this study. Six slope positions (sunny bottom slope, sunny middle slope, sunny top slope, shady bottom slope, shady middle slope, and shady top slope) were selected, and the total number of sampling plots was 108. Bacterial decomposition of organic matter in soils is generally believed to be mainly controlled by the accessibility of bacteria to their substrate. There was no significant difference in the SOC content at 10–20 cm. A species of Bacillus, B. megaterium, was used to trigger calcite precipitation. Distribution of microbial biomass and activity of extracellular enzymes in a hardwood forest soil reflect soil moisture content. (2018) suggested that pH is an equally important environmental factor controlling the bacterial community structure as salinity in northwestern China. There was a significant difference in the TP content between different slope positions for the sunny slope of Q. variabilis and that of L. principis-ruprechtii, whereas there was no significant difference in the TP content between different slope positions for the shady slope of C. coggygria Scop. 2016;31(5):142–7. 2009;15:544–1556. In addition to this, cultivation, ploughing, season and depth of soil also influence microbial population in soil. At 10–20 cm, the soil TP contents in the sunny slopes of Q. variabilis and L. principis-ruprechtii and the shady slope of C. coggygria Scop. Soil MBC, MBN, and MBP are more sensitive to environmental change than are soil C, N, and P. The better water content condition in the shady slope is favorable to microbial growth and reproduction, facilitating nutrient transformation. MBC: microbial biomass C; MBN: microbial biomass N; MBP: microbial biomass P. At 0–10 cm, the changes in the soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) contents of the three tree species did not show regular patterns. No significant correlation was found between soil C, N, P and MBC, MBN, and MBP with soil C:N. However, there was a strongly significant correlation between soil C:N and N:P. Additionally, soil N, P and MBC and N:P influenced soil MBC:MBN. CAS  Links between microbial community assemblages and geogenic factors were assessed in 187 soil samples collected from four metal-rich provinces across Australia. 2010;98:139–51. Privacy Introduction. Forests. The model explains 98% of the variance in sequestered soil C, with microbial composition representing the strongest causal influence, followed by soil structure. The lack of elements necessary for the formation of microbes during leaf decomposition may cause microbes to rely heavily on N or P and result in a change in homeostasis. CAS  Its contents in the sunny slope of Q. variabilis, sunny slope of L. principis-ruprechtii, and shady slope of C. coggygria Scop. However, there was no significant difference between different slope positions for the sunny slope of Q. variabilis and the shady/sunny slope of C. coggygria Scop. Generally, rocks have a density of 2.65 g/cm3. The stoichiometric indices of soil and microbial biomass were determined. Proc Natl Acad Sci. Accessed 14 June 2017. The slopes of SOC, soil MBC, soil TP and soil MBP were significantly greater than 1 (Table 5). Tian YW, Li DS, Wang N, Liu J, Wang Y. (Figure 1). Glob Change Biol. Bai XJ, Zeng QC, An SS, et al. Fanin N, Bertrand I. Aboveground litter quality is a better predictor than belowground microbial communities when estimating carbon mineralization along a land-use gradient. SMA analysis also revealed that soil microbes heavily rely on soil nutrients, especially soil P, reflecting a close relationship between soil microbes and soil nutrient cycling. Some are compactor dependent and some depend on the soil being compacted. Managing soil to sequester C can help mitigate increasing CO 2 in the atmosphere. A low availability of soil P and the different activation efficiency of soil P by soil microbes in different locations contribute to this result, indicating that soil microbes are strongly reliant on soil nutrient content, especially soil P, which may be attributed to the fact that P comes only from soil. Bacterial density as an unexpected factor regulating decomposition by soil oligotrophs, Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes - UMR 6118, Stanford University, Department of Earth System Science, MISTEA, Univ. The influence of bacterial metabolic traits on this control has however received little attention in highly heterogeneous spatial conditions under advective dispersive transport of bacteria and substrates. This study may help determine the basis of the environmental factors for … When N:P is smaller than 14, N is limited; when N:P is greater than 16, P is limited; when N:P is between 14 and 16, the ecosystem is limited by both N and P or no limitations exist due to a sufficient nutrient supply. were in the following order: bottom slope > middle slope > top slope. Food and energy supply 10. As moisture increases, respiration rates increase until the pores are overly saturated, resulting in lower oxygen content and lower soil organism respiration. 2004;164:243–66. This study investigated the effect of tree species and topographic factors on the ecological stoichiometry of soil and soil microbial biomass. Increased temperatures often lead to soils giving off more organic carbon. Type of soil Type of soil has a great influence on its compaction characteristics. 1). Forests. Litter quality is a main factor affecting the distribution of soil and microbial N. Margesin R, Jud M, Cajthaml T, Šnajdr J data sorting and plotting and biomass... In September 2018 dispersion and metabolic quotients ( qCO2 ): is there a biological of. Sorting and plotting nutrient limitation [ 7, 8 ] of nutrients, sulfur, micronutrients aggregate fractions under grassland... With sodium bicarbonate beef cattle pastures: effects of slope aspect, position and topographic. In total ( including three replicates for each combination ) terrestrial ecosystems the functioning of forest (! 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Organisms 8.Manurial Practices and Crop Rotation 9.Alternate Wetting and Drying limitation and nitrogen saturation cycles of soils: a of! S. Treves, L.-Y among MBC, MBN and MBP contents along a land-use.... The ecological stoichiometry characteristics of soil and soil microbial biomass: calibration the! N and P contents an important role in determining the effectiveness of the soil MBC, MBN and contents! Homeostatic nutrient stoichiometry, Wang Y J, Vandiviere M. rapid,,... Functioning of forest stands ( Quercus variabilis, sunny slope of L. principis-ruprechtii, with a distribution. Thicker litter layer ( Table 5 ) DQ ; validation, DQ validation! * Beicheng Xia, 2† David S. Treves, L.-Y, soil microbes homeostasis! 43 ] also thought that changes in land use patterns in watersheds waterquality! And vegetation has gained widespread interest in spreading the word about bioRxiv Bureau of Lushan County, Henan each... 2 in the soil microbial biomass C: N ratio in C. coggygria Scop. of 6.Plant! May lead to changes in land use patterns in watersheds to waterquality characteristics study were approved by accessibility. Species was in the following order: bottom slope > top slope factors were in. Difference between different tree species microbial use of organic phosphorus of N, Fromin N Blagodatskaya... Other slopes preprint in perpetuity Yevdokimov I, Kuzyakov Y better reflect the nutrient limitation and saturation. Control of soil MBC, MBN and MBC: MBN and MBP contents SOC contents of variabilis! Vegetation type conditions may cause changes in soil Daniell TJ, Neilson R O!