impacts and injures the tibial plafond. Wang et al. Introduction Pilon fractures, or fractures of the tibial plafond, range from low- to high-energy axial-loading injuries. Michelson J, Moskovitz P, Labropoulos P. The nomenclature for intra-articular vertical impact fractures of the tibial plafond: pilon versus pylon. Term first introduced as description of the distal tibial metaphysis—pestle-shaped “pilon” Plafond (French for “ceiling”) refers to the horizontal distal tibial articular surface. J Orthop Trauma. Kannus et al. Anatomic classification 31 Tibial plafond fractures Reudi and Allgower Classification 31 Talar neck fractures – Hawkin’s classification 32 Calcaneus fractures Pilon fractures are rare, comprising 3 to 10 percent of all fractures of the tibia and 1 percent of all lower extremity fractures… These days, the most common classification systems used in tibial pilon fractures include AO (6) and Ruedi-Allgower (5), but their interobserver reliability was fair to moderate in the literature (8, 14). In tibial plafond fractures, massive soft tissue swelling and compromise are the rule, consistent with a high-energy mechanism. A tibial plafond fracture (also called a tibial pilon fracture) occurs at the end of the shin bone and involves the ankle joint. This relatively rare injury (< 10% of lower extremity fractures) usually occurs in adults (aged 30s to 40s) owing to a fall from height or a motor vehicle crash [ 6 ]. 42 patients, 46 plafond fractures • Two surgical approaches in 32 fractures • Three Surgical approaches in 14 fractures • Skin bridges: – 5.0 to 5.9 cm (25) – 6.0 to 6.9 cm (16) • Soft tissue complications in 4 fractures (9%) Howard et al. Brumback RJ, McGarvey WC. Fractures of the tibial plafond. J Orthop Trauma. It is also known as tibial pilon fracture or tibial plafond fracture if it involves the articular surface. Martin JS, Marsh JL, Bonar SK, DeCoster TA, Found EM, Brandser EA. The fracture, principles of treatment and a classification system. Evaluation of the soft tissues, including inspection and probing of open wounds, noting the presence and character (serous vs hemorrhagic) of fracture blisters, and determining the degree of swelling by … [4] Displacement is defined as greater than 2 mm of incongruity at the articular surface or mal-alignment greater than 10 degrees in any plane. It is very difficult to accurately assess the shape and size of the posterior malleolar fragment, particular any involvement of the fibular notch, or the medial malleolus, on the basis of plain … recently reported a special type of trimalleolar fracture with the involvement of the entire posterior tibial plafond . Distal tibia fracture is a fracture that involves the metaphyseal area of the distal tibia and may extend to its weight-bearing articular surface1. With only three fracture types, the Rüedi-Allgöwer classification is the simplest classification system available to characterize tibial pilon fractures; however, several limiting factors exist. ANKLE FRACTURES 1. Ankle Fractures UMESH YADAV UMY 2. Tibial plafond fractures comprise a diverse group of articular, metaphyseal, and occasionally diaphyseal injuries and have in common injury to the articular surface of the distal tibia and significant associated soft-tissue injury. Although orthopaedic surgeons commonly use both systems, neither is perfect, and their interobserver reliability is unsatisfactory.18 The Danis-Weber system is based on the level of the fibula fracture and is divided into three types: type A fibula fractures occur below the level of the tibial plafond; type B fractures typically rise obliquely from the level of the plafond; and type C … Type II. A pilon fracture, is a fracture of the distal part of the tibia, involving its articular surface at the ankle joint.Pilon fractures are caused by rotational or axial forces, mostly as a result of falls from a height or motor vehicle accidents. The vascular supply of the tibial plafond derives from branches of the anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries. Type I Ruedi-Allgower fractures are defined as nondisplaced “cleavage fractures” of the tibial plafond. High-energy fractures are generally due to axial force that drives the talus into the tibial plafond, causing an “implosion” of the articular surface. There is movement of the talus medially and a possible anteromedial tibial plafond impaction (Figure 4). There is no commonly used classification of pilon fractures, but a simple classification is that of Ruedi & Allgower: Type I: undisplaced; Type II: displaced but not comminuted; Type III: displaced and comminuted; Initial management. A fracture is an interruption of the continuity of bone, this page will discuss ankle and foot fractures and the role that physiotherapists play in the rehabiliation of such injuries. Dirschl DR, Adams GL. Line drawings of Schatzker types I, II, and III tibial plateau fractures. T F Ta BONY ANKLE JOINT UMY 3. • Ankle is a three bone joint composed of the tibia , fibula and talus • Talus articulates with the tibial plafond superiorly , posterior malleolus of the tibia posteriorly and medial malleolus medially • Lateral … Foot Ankle Int. Fractures of the tibial plafond. Tibial pilon fractures are severe injuries affecting the distal tibia, whereby the tibial plafond is injured by the talus punching up into it; Patients will present following high-energy trauma, therefore concurrent injuries are common; Check neurovascular status and for any evidence of an open fracture or … His experience with immediate fixation of tibial fractures demonstrated durable results and few complications41,42. Orthop Clin … report an incidence of up to 174 cases per 100 000 persons per year in a Finish population.Fractures of the foot are less common. Tibia - Ankle fracture - Lauge-Hansen classification - Malleolus - Bone fracture - Anatomical terms of location - Avulsion fracture - Anterior colliculus - Deltoid ligament - Plafond - Pilon fracture - Danis–Weber classification - List of orthopaedic eponyms - Index of trauma and orthopaedics articles - Ruedi-Allgower classification The vascular supply of the tibial plafond derives from branches of the anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries. Low-energy fractures typically occur due to rotational forces imparted to the distal tibia. Type I consists of a wedge fracture of the lateral tibial plateau, produced by low-force injuries. Evolving treatment concepts for the pilon fracture. 25(3):149-50. . There is also a transverse fracture of the distal fibula. Fractures of the ankle joint are common amongst adults. Ensure the patient has been adequately resuscitated and any life-threatening … ○ 1997;11(7):471–476. Evolving treatment concepts for the pilon fracture. Tibial plateau fractures. Pilon fractures of the tibia: a study based on 19 cases. 13. Type I. Tibial plateau fractures are serious injuries, and are common in high-impact sports like football, rugby and basketball. Salvage technique for treatment of periplafond tibial fractures: the modified fibula-pro-tibia … Tibial pilon fractures: a comparative clinical study of management techniques and results. 2004 Mar. Excessive skin contusion, crushed skin or destruction of muscle, subcutaneous degloving, acute compartment syndrome, and rupture of major blood vessel or nerve. Gustilo-Anderson Classification of Open Tibia Fractures. A critical assessment of factors influencing reliability in the classification of fractures, using fractures of the tibial plafond as a model. [8] Tibial plafond (“pilon”) fractures involve the distal articular surface of the tibia and extend to the metaphysis. The two most common classification systems used to describe pilon fractures are the Ruedi-Allgower classification and the AO/OTA classification. 22(5) 299‐305. Limited periosteal stripping, clean wound < 1 cm. As is the case with tibial plateau fractures, these injuries occur close to the joint and must be treated with the cartilage surface of the ankle joint in mind. The two most common classification systems used to describe pilon fractures are the Ruedi-Allgower classification and the AO/OTA classification. Assessment of the AO/ASIF fracture classification for the distal tibia. A supination-adduction classification is described as a vertical medial malleolus fracture associated with an injury to the talus and tibial plafond. Are the Ruedi-Allgower classification and the AO/OTA classification and III tibial plateau.. The two most common classification systems used to describe pilon fractures of the foot are common. 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